B. Sunspots

C. Clumps in the universe

D. Background radiation

B. Cold Dark Matter gravitation

C. Dispersal of hydrogen

D. Background radiation

B. It is too cold.

C. It is too hot.

D. It is not terrestrial.

B. The philosophical argument stating that an argument is circular if the end result is used as evidence for the end result.

C. The philosophical argument stating that design in the universe implies a designer.

D. The philosophical argument stating that organisms reproduce after their own kind.

B. Low temperature (about 2.7oK) in space

C. The matter that holds clusters together

D. The heat coming from the sun

E. All the above

B. A large, cool star

C. A small, hot star

D. A small cool star

E. Both A and D

F. Both B and C

B. II, V, VI, IV, I, III

C. II, V, VI, I, IV, III

D. V, II, VI, I, IV, III

B. According to current theories of stellar development, the sun would have been too hot 4.5 billion years ago for life to form.

C. According to current theories of stellar development, the sun should be smaller than it is now—after 4.5 billion years—but if it were, Earth would be too cool to support life.

D. According to current theories of stellar development, the sun would have been too close to Earth 4.5 billion years ago for life to form.

B. A cloud of dust and gas

C. A supernova

D. A possible planet outside our solar system

E. All the above

B. Decrease in solar reflective surfaces

C. Increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

D. More rainfall

E. A, B, C, and D

F. A and C

B. Terrestrial surface

C. Water

D. Moon

B. Ozone layer would be so thick, that life could not survive

C. Faster weathering of rocks and metals

D. Plants would die

B. The Big Bang does not explain structures like the Great Galactic Wall.

C. The Big Bang does not ultimately explain the origin of subatomic particles.

D. The Big Bang does not explain uniform cosmic background radiation.

E. A and C

F. B and D

G. B, C, and D

H. A, B, C, and D

B. Temperature fluctuations can be the result of radiation scattered through a gas cloud.

C. Temperature fluctuations can be the result of radiation from different colored stars.

D. Temperature fluctuations are the result of varying distances that light must travel in space.

B. If the sun were 4.6 billion years old, it would be a red giant by now.

C. If the sun were 4.6 billion years old, the Earth would have had a surface temperature too hot for life to evolve.

D. If the sun were 4.6 billion years old, it would have been too large for Earth to have existed 4.5 billion years ago.

B. If the mass of a proton were slightly larger, hydrogen would be unstable.

C. The mass of a proton is integral to the stability of the universe.

D. It is the mass of the proton that makes it a stable particle, unlike the neutron.

E. All the above

F. B and C only

G. A and D only

B. To prove that evolution occurs

C. "To seek out new life and new civilizations..."

D. To renew our fossil fuel supply

B. Fear—that the Bible will have shortcomings.

C. Complacency—because we know we already have the truth.

D. Anticipation—because new information will help our model.

B. Earth has less iron in the crust than oxygen because a higher proportion of iron would deplete the oxygen level.

C. Earth has less iron in the crust than oxygen because Earth has a reducing atmosphere.

D. Earth has more iron in the crust than oxygen because too much oxygen would oxidize everything and life could not exist.

B. The composition of the star

C. The shape of the star

D. The distance of the star from other gravitational bodies

"The Total number of livable planets Multiplied by the Probability of evolution = Number of planets with evolved life". Is this equation true or false?

B. False because the Bible says definitively that there are no other planets.

C. True because the probability of evolution is essentially zero so the answer will always be zero.

D. False because probabilities cannot be formulated to accurately represent the possibility of an act happening or not.

B. New planets are assumed to be the agents responsible for causing certain stars to "wobble."

C. New planets are observed by aligning the Keck telescope on Hawaii with the Hubble telescope in orbit.

D. New planets are observed during a lunar eclipse when the sky is darker than other nights.

B. There is no life on Mars.

C. It is impossible to predict how life will evolve on Mars because evolution is a random process.

D. They assume that the minimum requirements for life are the same on Mars and Earth.

B. There will be water and oxygen on them, and since these are necessary for life, life might exist on these other planets.

C. That God made more than nine planets.

D. That God originally made many planets in our solar system, but some escaped to other areas.

"It is obvious that the Big Bang occurred because the major component of stars is hydrogen —just like the Big Bang predicts, and because the stars are moving away from us as they continue to expand from the Big Bang—another prediction of the Big Bang."

How would you respond to these claims?

B. Tell him that his evidences are not predictions, but rather observations on which the theory was formulated.

C. Point out that the Big Bang predicted that the universe would be completely uniform, and it has many large clusters and voids.

D. Point out that no one was there to observe the Big Bang, so we cannot make models.

B. The way the Jupiter's moons take orbits that don't intersect.

C. The presence of polar ice caps on Venus.

D. The amount of nitrogen in Earth's atmosphere.

B. The Big Bang predicts that the universe is bathed in uniform cosmic background radiation and the universe is bathed in low temperature radiation.

C. The Big Bang predicts that life would exist and it does exist.

D. The Big Bang theory is an attempt to explain life without God.

B. A terrestrial surface and water

C. Heat and oxygen

D. Oxygen and moderate temperatures

E. Atmospheric pressure and water

After completing your essay, check your answer here.