1. Which of the following is a difference between limestone and lime mud?
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A. Thickness of deposits
B. Crystal size and shape and composition
C. Limestone is composed of lime; lime mud is not
D. Vertical layers opposed to horizontal layers"
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2. How does limestone cave formation occur?
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A. Earthquakes are the most common causative agent
B. Limestone is very soft and porous
C. Acidic groundwater dissolves limestone
D. Limestone caves are rare, and seem to be caused by the weight of heavy buildings on the foundational ground
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3. What was unexpected about the ages obtained for Grand Canyon lava rocks in ICR's research project?
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A. They were older than expected.
B. They were younger than expected—on average, about 10,000 years.
C. The older rocks were lower than the younger rocks.
D. The lower rocks had a younger "age" than the higher rocks.
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4. Which of the following was stated in the abstract about a mass kill of Nautiloids in Nautiloid Canyon?
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A. The animals may have been killed by toxic water.
B. The nautiloids had appendages like legs.
C. The nautiloids were buried just half a meter below quadruped footprints.
D. Every nautilus was pointing downstream.
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5. What is Red Butte?
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A. A broad, sheet-like layer of sedimentary rock
B. The erosional remnant of strata, which were once more extensive
C. The crest of a mountain
D. An outcropping of rock formed by tectonic uplifting
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6. Why are isochrons thought to be more reliable than a model date obtained from only one sample?
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A. Isochrons have no check for internal consistency.
B. Isochron dates rely on multiple rock samples.
C. Isochron dates are obtained from three different radioisotope parents.
D. Isochron dates are taken only from basalts, the most reliable of volcanic rocks used in dating.
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7. What is the significance of the Red Butte formation near the Grand Canyon?
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A. The presence of the butte shows that there has been more erosion than only that of the canyon itself.
B. The butte is evidence of sheet erosion, not just erosion by a slow stream.
C. The Red Butte is significant because it is uncommon to have limestone sediments at that altitude.
D. All the above
E. A and B only
F. A and C only
G. B and C only
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8. For almost two hundred years, the litany in geology has been uniformitarianism. Now, many secular geologists are attributing many features to catastrophes. Why are young earth creationists pleased to see this change in thought?
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| | A. It indicates that the earth is young.
B. It is confirmation that the Flood could have shaped the geologic column.
C. It proves that the Biblical account is true.
D. All of the above.
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9. What was the significance of ICR's study of the Grand Canyon basalts?
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A. It demonstrated that radioisotope dating is false
B. It demonstrated that there seem to be problems with the rubidium strontium dating method
C. It demonstrated that the assumption that the original ratio of 87Sr to 86Sr of Cardenas Basalt has been constant
D. All of the above
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10. The presence of quartz sand grains argue that the Kaibab Limestone was accumulated from:
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A. The sediment that had been transported by moving water not simply deposited from a slow, steady rain of carbonate mud in a calm and placid sea.
B. A slow, steady rain of carbonate mud in a calm and placid sea.
C. Sediment that had been transported by moving water alone.
D. A slow, steady rain of non-carbonate mud in a calm and placid sea.
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11. Evaluate this sentence taken from Sidebar 4.
"Addition of potassium during alteration of these [rocks] would explain the anomously young K-Ar age, but it would also add rubidium and invalidate the Rb-Sr isochron age."
Why would the addition of potassium lead to a circular problem?
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A. Addition of potassium would explain why potassium-argon dates are much younger than Rubidium Strontium for the Cardenas Basalt, but would make Rb-Sr ages younger so they still would not agree.
B. Addition of potassium would explain why potassium-argon dates are much older than Rubidium Strontium for the Cardenas Basalt, but would make Rb-Sr ages older so they still would not agree.
C. The energy required would inversely alter both K-Ag and Rb-Sr.
D. The addition of potassium would force a reduction in rubidium.
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12. Below are four assumptions made in using radioisotopes for dating:
i. There is no daughter element at time 0.
ii. No parent element was removed.
iii. No daughter element was added.
iv. Radioactive decay rates have always been the same.
Which of these assumptions seem to be false, or at least impossible to prove. |
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A. i and ii
B. iii and iv
C. None
D. All
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13. The isochron method assumes that the datable lava flow cooled from molten rock having different Rb/Sr ratios but having uniform mixing isotopically (all samples having the same 87Sr/86Sr ratio). What if the strontium in the lava was not isotopically homogeneous when the flow cooled? What are other explanations for the straight-line plots? |
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A. Incomplete mixing of two magmas having different strontium isotope ratios produces a mixing diagram where all mixtures lie on a straight line on an 87Sr/86Sr versus 87Rb/86Sr graph with the slope of the line having no identifiable time significance
B. Errors caused by uniform argon loss by these rocks after the lava cooled.
C. Characteristics are inherited from the molten material's source at great depth in the earth. The straight line plot is again explained by geologic process, not by time-dependent nuclear decay within the rock.
D. A and B
E. A and C
F. B and C
G. A, B and C
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14. A large number of reports concern the rapid growth of stalactites and stalagmites. Most of these observations have been made in tunnels, bridges, dams, mines, or other dated man-made structures that approximate cave conditions. Some rates of growth have been observed that would allow the 1,900 centimeter tall stalagmite called "Great Dome" in Carlsbad Caverns to have grown in: |
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A. 400 years
B. 4,000 years
C. 400,000 years
D. 4,000,000 years
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15. The fossil record indicates that the whole geological column must have been formed after the fall of man because:
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A. A short time period is required
B. Fossils indicate death
C. "by man came death"
D. The fossil record does not indicate that the whole geological column formed after the fall of man
E. A and B
F. A and C
G. B and C
H. A, B and C
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16. An approximate date for Creation and the Flood can be obtained by:
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A. Using the genealogical lists in Genesis 5
B. Using the age of sediment deposits
C. Using the date of Abraham's migration
D. A and B
E. A and C
F. B and C
G. A, B and C
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17. If there is no universal time gap in the geologic column:
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A. Uniformitarianism must be true.
B. The entire column must represent one continuous intense depositional episode (one catastrophe).
C. The geologic column represents the vast destruction and burial of life in one age.
D. A and B
E. A and C
F. B and C
G. A, B and C
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18. When studying the Grand Canyon, evolutionist and creationist have the same data. Because they interpret that data through different frameworks they come to different conclusions. Match the scientist with their framework and conclusion:
| i. Evolutionist |
| w. Uniformitarianism | | ii. Creationist |
| x. Catastrophism required |
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| y. Deposited over millions of years |
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| z. Deposited rapidly during Global Flood | |
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A. i with x and z, ii with w and y
B. i with x and y, ii with w and z
C. i with w and y, ii with x and z
D. i with w and z, ii with x and y
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19. The video discusses the widespread strata of the Grand Canyon. Based on the observable evidence, which is the most likely cause for this widespread layering? |
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A. A flood of continental dimensions
B. A river delta deposited into the ocean
C. A river flood plain deposit
D. A massive tectonic upheaval
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20. The video presents four evidences for massive tectonic upheaval. Which of these is NOT one of the four present on the video. |
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A. Huge boulders embedded in the unit
B. Imbricated breccia
C. Breccia
D. Sponge and coral fossils in limestone
E. Cross-bedded sandstone
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21. The video presents seven evidences for the history of the earth that are found in the Grand Canyon. Write an essay that discusses these seven areas and includes supporting evidence.
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After completing your essay, check your answer here. |
