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Video Outline
Introduction | | Dimensions of the Grand Canyon
Early people who saw the Grand Canyon—Indians, trappers, Major Powell
Interpreting data through a framework of beliefs
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I. Evidences that lead us to consider the history of the Earth as revealed at the Grand Canyon | | A. Ocean over the continent | | 1. Sponge and coral fossils in limestone
2. Hermit shale—fossil ferns and marine fossils
3. Hermit shale does not have the characteristics of a river delta |
B. Rapid burial | | 1. Redwall limestone—delicate marine organisms fossilized
2. Relocated animals—fast moving water
3. Nautiloid Canyon—Nautiloids only in one layer; nautiloids in similar orientation
4. Trackway of quadruped footprints |
C. Widespread strata | | 1. Thin, individual strata layers can be followed 200 miles
2. Long distance transport of sand |
D. Short time between strata | | 1. Torroweap/Kaibab boundary interpretations: | | a. formed by two different oceans that covered the continent at different times; boundary represents millions of years of missing time.
b. boundary has no soil zone—represents short period of time between formations— one flood could have deposited both | 2. Supai/Hermit boundary interpretations: | | a. water deposited the Supai; soil layer built up, water deposited the Hermit
b. two layers seem to intermingle | 3. Great Unconformity Dox/Tapeats | | a. boundary represents 0.5 billion years:—missing
b. see no evidence of chemical erosion at boundary—no evidence of 0.5 billion years.
c. Erosion is physical—marks the beginning of the Flood | |
E. Massive tectonic upheaval | | 1. Preflood rock was shaved off by the early flood waters
2. Sixty mile formation—crossbedding sandstone alternating with breccia and boulders
3. Faulting in the canyon—ex. Hurricane fault
4. Rapid erosion—boulders within sandstone
5. Upwarp zone—3,000 ft. vertical upheaval extending hundreds of miles |
F. Rapid erosion | | 1. Kaibab limestone—flat, like a plane, but it is an erosion surface because in other places, there are layers over the Kaibab
2. River erosion cannot explain the flat plane—must have been sheet water erosion
3. Erosion of the canyon | | a. Ancestral River theory
b. Runaway gully
c. Breached dam | 4. Mt. St. Helens comparison—new drainage basin of the Toutle River |
G. Doubtful dating methods | | 1. Lava flows of the Cardenas Basalt (bottom of Canyon) dated:
1.7 billion years with Sm/Nd
1.1 billion years with Rb/Sr
0.7 billion years with K/Ar
2. Vulcan's throne—cinder cone volcano on North rim—Rb/Sr—1.23 billion years old | |
II. Testimonies from geologists | | A. Grand Canyon reminds man of God's justice and mercy
B. Grand Canyon is a review of all of Earth's history and a reminder of the coming judgment
C. Even God's holy judgment left immense beauty
D. Canyon reminds us of how much God really hates sin
E. "These stones are a memorial of the great things God has done" |
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